He was Clerk of Cayuga County from 1821 to 1825, Postmaster of Auburn, and Cashier of the Cayuga County Bank. He was a member of the New York State Senate (7th D.) from 1828 to 1831, sitting in the 51st, 52nd, 53rd and 54th New York State Legislatures. About 1836, he removed to Detroit to pursue his banking interests. He was a member of the Michigan House of Representatives in 1847. His older brother was Gov. Enos T. Throop (1784–1874). After their father's death, their mother married George W. Hatch, and among their children were Congressman Israel T. Hatch (1808–1875) and Eliza Hatch (1800–1885) who married first Congressman Gershom Powers (1789–1831) and then Judge William B. Rochester (1789–1838).